常見被動式時態

文法講座 > 文法講座 017：被動式 > 常見被動式時態

 

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▍被動式動詞的基本架構為「be + p.p.」。依不同時態變化如下

現在被動：is/ am/ are + p.p.
過去被動：was/ were + p.p.
未來被動：will be + p.p. 或 is/ am/ are going to be + p.p.
現在完成被動：has/ have been + p.p.
過去完成被動：had been + p.p.
未來完成被動：will have been + p.p.
現在進行被動：is/ am/ are being + p.p.
過去進行被動：was/ were being + p.p.
含助動詞的被動式：助動詞 + be + p.p.

▍主動語態和被動語態對照表

[主動]現在式

She buys the apples.

現在[被動]式

The apples are bought by her.

[主動]過去式

She bought the apples.

過去[被動]式

She apples were bought by her.

[主動]未來式

She will buy the apples.

未來[被動]式

The apples will be bought by her.

[主動]現在完成式

She has bought the apples.

現在完成[被動]式

The apples have been bought by her.

[主動]過去完成式

She had bought the apples.

過去完成[被動]式

The apples had been bought by her.

[主動]未來完成式

She will have bought the apples.

未來完成[被動]式

The apples will have been bought by her.

[主動]現在進行式

She is buying the apples.

現在進行[被動]式

The apples are being bought by her.

[主動]過去進行式

She was buying the apples.

過去進行[被動]式

The apples was being bought by her.

含助動詞時態

She would buy the apples.

含助動詞[被動]式

The apples would be bought by her.

▍被動時態應用的例句

例：我討厭父母對我碎碎念。
I hate being lectured by my parents.

父母對我碎碎念，換句話說「我被父母念」，故得用「被動式」。

例：我不知道誰做了這件事，但我家的狗已經被放出去了。
I don’t know who did it, but my pet dog has been let out.

狗兒不會主動執行「放出去」這動作，故得用「被動式」。

例：發現雇主之前支付給他的薪水遠比其他同事少時，他感到非常生氣。
He was angry to discover that he was being paid much less than his coworkers.

雇主付他薪水，換句話說「他被付薪水」，所以得用「被動式」。全句為過
去式，為強調「之前一直領得少」，故搭配「過去進行被動式」was being p.p.。

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被動式簡介

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