文法講座 027：三花 spend / take / cost，再加上 pay
http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/spend-take-cost.html
| 人花了多少錢在…東西上： | 人 spend $ on 東西 |
| 人花了多少時間在做…事： | 人 spend 時間 (in) Ving ( in 為介係詞，所以後方需搭配動名詞 Ving。 |
| 某事/物花了某人多少時間： | 事/物 take 人 時間 |
| 某事/物花了某人多少時間： | It takes 人 時間 + to V原 (不定詞補充說明虛主詞 it ) |
| 某事/物花了某人多少錢： | 事 / 物 cost 人 $ |
| 某事/物花了某人多少錢： | It costs 人 $ + to V原 (不定詞補充說明虛主詞 it ) |
| 某人為了某物付了多少錢： | 人 pay $ for 物 |
－－－
例：Ted 昨天花 300 元買一本書。
✓ Ted spent three hundred dollars on a book yesterday.
✓ The book cost Ted three hundred dollars yesterday.
✓ It cost Ted three hundred dollars to buy a book yesterday.
例：買書花了 Ted 一小時。
✓ Ted spent one hour (in) buying a book.
✓ Buying a book took Ted one hour.
✓ It took Ted one hour to buy a book.
✓ Buying a book took Ted one hour.
✓ It took Ted one hour to buy a book.
－－－
選出正確句子
Ⓐ How long do you take to commute to school?
Ⓑ It could cost scientists several years to work out the myth.
Ⓒ I spent five minutes to explain what happened to Liz.
Ⓓ Who do you think should pay for dinner on the first date?
－－－
Ⓐ 選項：通勤上學花你多少時間？
由於主詞為人 (you)，故應搭配 spend 時間 (in) Ving。
正確寫法為：
✓ How long do you spend commuting to school?
✓ How long does it take you to commute to school?
✓ How long do you spend commuting to school?
✓ How long does it take you to commute to school?
虛主詞 it 代替「通勤上學」這件事，補說明虛主詞 it 得用 to V原。事情「花」時間，需搭配動詞 take (花)。
Ⓑ 選項：科學家得花上數年才能解開這個謎。
Ⓑ 選項：科學家得花上數年才能解開這個謎。
事「花」時間得用 take。所以 B 選項應改成：
✓ It could take scientists several years to work out the myth.
✓ Scientists have to spend several years working out the myth.
Ⓒ 選項：我花了五分鐘向麗茲解發生了甚麼事。
由於主詞為人 (I)，故應搭配 spend 時間 (in) Ving。
正確寫法為：
✓ I spent five minutes explaining what happened to Liz.
✓ It took me five minutes to explain what happened to Liz.
Ⓓ 選項：你認為第一次約會時，誰該付晚餐錢？
✓ I spent five minutes explaining what happened to Liz.
✓ It took me five minutes to explain what happened to Liz.
Ⓓ 選項：你認為第一次約會時，誰該付晚餐錢？
do you think 為插入語，可刪除成為：Who should pay for dinner on the first date? 動詞 pay 的用法為：人 pay $ for 物。
答案：Ⓓ
