單字講座 12：arise (v) / arouse (v)/ rise (v)/ raise (v)
http://www.learnerhall.org/2021/08/12arise-v-arouse-v-rise-v-raise-v.html
教學時，我們常看到學生在特定單字群組使用上抓不到訣竅。這也促使我們決定在本站招牌的「文法講座」外，再加開「單字講座」，目標自然是要讓大家學得快，又學得好 😊😊😊😊
▍arise (v) get up 起床/ 起身；happen 發生/產生
arise後不加受詞。動詞變化：arise – arose – arisen -- arising；常用片語：arise from N = result from N：起因於 N。▶ 例 1：我清晨起床後，幫我自己做了頓豐盛的早餐。
At dawn, I arose and made myself a rich breakfast.
▶ 例 2：當愛花錢的人嫁了個愛存錢的人，問題就發生了。
Problems arise when a spender marries a saver.
▶ 例 3：意外常常起因於粗心大意。
Accidents often arise from carelessness.
▍ arouse (v) call forth 引發
arouse 後須加受詞。動詞變化：arouse – aroused – aroused -- arousing 。arouse只能用於引發反應或情緒，例如：arouse admiration, controversy, curiosity, suspicion, interest, opposition, revenge, appetite, indignation, hostility, jealousy, resentment。
▶ 例 1：作者沒料到他的小說會引發如此大的爭議。
This author didn’t expect his novel to arouse such controversy.
▍ rise (v) arise 起身/ 起床；ascend 上升；increase 增加 (n) increase 增加
rise後不加受詞。動詞變化：rise – rose – risen – rising。
▶ 例 1：早睡早起讓人健康、富有且聰明。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
▶ 例 2：太陽東邊升起，西邊落下。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
▶ 例 3：美國新冠肺炎病例持續上升。三周來增長了兩倍。
The COVID-19 cases in the US keep rising, doubling over three weeks.
= The COVID-19 cases in the US have been on the rise, doubling over three weeks.
▍ raise (v) lift 提高 / 舉起；increase 增加；bring up / cultivate 養 (n) increase 增加。
raise 後需加受詞。動詞變化：raise – raised – raised – raising。常用詞彙有：raise sb’s awareness of N / concerns about N / doubts about N：提高某人的 … 意識 / 對 … 的擔憂 / 對 … 的疑慮；raise prices 漲價；raise money 募款。
▶ 例 1：老師要求他的學生發言前先舉手。
The teacher asks her students to raise their hands before they speak.
▶ 例 2：我不知道該如何要求老闆幫我加薪。
I don’t know how to ask my boss to raise my wage.
= I don’t know how to ask my boss for a pay raise.
▶ 例 3：為了在紐約養活一家四口，你必須年收入 35 萬美金或以上。
To raise a family of four in New York, you've now got to make $350,000 or more a year.
結論：rise 和 arise 後方不加受詞。arouse 和 raise 後方要加受詞。
▶ 例 1：老師要求他的學生發言前先舉手。
The teacher asks her students to raise their hands before they speak.
▶ 例 2：我不知道該如何要求老闆幫我加薪。
I don’t know how to ask my boss to raise my wage.
= I don’t know how to ask my boss for a pay raise.
▶ 例 3：為了在紐約養活一家四口，你必須年收入 35 萬美金或以上。
To raise a family of four in New York, you've now got to make $350,000 or more a year.
結論：rise 和 arise 後方不加受詞。arouse 和 raise 後方要加受詞。
