文法講座二十九：主要子句，with + N (受詞) + adj (受詞補語)

「with + N + adj」用來表示伴隨主要句而來的細部動作和狀況。「介係詞」with，後方搭配「名詞」，補充說明名詞可用「形容詞」或「介係詞片語」。
例句：我騎著腳踏車，頭髮在風中飛揚。

I rode a bike, with my hair  blowing in the wind.
[主要句]               [名詞]  [Ving 形容詞] 

由於頭髮在風中「飛揚」是自然而然的，所以用帶有主動進行意味的 Ving 形容詞。Ving 及 p.p. 分詞當形容詞的詳細用法請見 文法講座四。
例句：Amy 站在那裡，手裡拿了一本書。

Amy stood there, with a book in her hand.
[主要句]                    [名詞] [介係詞片語] 

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請選出正確的句子：
A. I walked home, with a strange man followed me.
B. Liz walked out of the bathroom, with her hair wet from the shower.
C. The man fell over motionless, with his eyes widely opening.
D. The little boy spoke with his mouth to fill with food.
解答：B

A 選項，我走路回家，有個奇怪男子ㄧ直尾隨我。句子結構分析如下：
I walked home, with a strange man followed me.
[主要句]                   [名詞]          [形容詞]
奇怪男子(strange man)自己可做「尾隨」這動作，所以應用帶主動進行意味的 Ving 分詞當形容詞。句子正確寫法為：
I walked home, with a strange man following me.

B 選項，麗茲走出浴室，頭髮因淋浴而濕濕的。句子結構分析如下：
Liz walked out of the bathroom, with her hair wet from the shower.
[主要句]                                           [名詞]  [形容詞]
名詞 her hair 後需搭配「形容詞」 wet。

C 選項，男子倒下，眼睛睜得大大的。
The man fell over motionless, with his eyes widely opening.
[主要句] [名詞]     [形容詞]
名詞 his eyes 後需搭配「形容詞」open，而不是 opening。wide 為副詞，加強形容 opening。

D 選項，小男孩說話時嘴巴塞滿食物。句子結構分析如下：
The little boy spoke with his mouth to fill with food.
[主要句]                         [名詞]
名詞 his mouth 後需搭配「形容詞」full of food，而不是動詞 fill with。